What is the main function of computer? Main function of computer?
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| what are the 4 main functions of a computer? |
Internal components of a computer
Any digital computer has four basic components. These are:-
- Arithmetic and logic units or arithmetic and logic units.
- Memory unit or memory segment.
- a control unit or control part.
- Entry/exit section inside an input/output unit
(a) Arithmetic and logic units
This unit is also called Central Processing Unit. Nowadays chip refers to this unit. You must be aware of Intel Pentium Chip and Power PC Chip. [At the time of writing, the latest chip in PC is Intel Pentium-4, on the other hand, the latest chip in Mac computer is Power PC G5. Arithmetic and logic units are used to control data and perform all arithmetic operations.
There are billions of registers or records. Registering. A number of memory segments where any particular value can be stored. For example, if we want to add two numbers, then both numbers must be written in a piece of paper first, then the sum must be added and written again.
Explain the need for registers
The number or any value (value) to be written on this paper is also written in the register. A register is a piece of memory where something special can be stored. For example: Case, CD-ROM DVD-ROM CDRW DVD+RW, CPU Fan, CPU or processor, Case Fan, Keyboard, Mouse, Memory, Hard Drive, Modem
The operation of arithmetic and logic units is therefore very straightforward. The unit will do exactly what a computer program wants to do on the Velu.
All logical problems can be represented by some function or special arrangement. These are called functions. Computers operate through these logic-numbers.
Difference Between Boolean Algebra and General Algebra
Such arithmetic is called Boolean algebra. Any problem in Boolean algebra can have only two possible outcomes, either true or false. Can't be true and false at the same time. In this context, a detailed discussion about Boolean algebra is not possible, but I have just presented an idea of how it is processed in a computer.
Processing and storing everything at the same time but not sequentially by arithmetic and logic units. It requires more memory separately.
(b) Memory unit
Computers have two types of memory units, one is primary and the other is secondary. Everything stored in the initial unit is used during the execution of a program. This is called RAM (Random Access Memory).
Everything processed is stored in secondary memory. The hard disk in your computer is the secondary or storage memory. Shutting down the computer erases all RAM memory but the memory stored on the hard disk is destroyed. no Nowadays, program files and data are stored through various means.
These include CD ROM (read only memory), three and a half inch floppy disks, Zip and Jhaz drives, pen drives etc.
(c) Control unit or control part
Memory stored by this unit is manipulated according to program commands and instructions. That is, its job is to control the stored items as needed.
(d) Input/Output Unit
In any computer operation there is a special need to enter data or information in some way and bring out the result at the end of the process. These two essential functions are fulfilled by input/output units.
Keyboards, microphones, digital cameras, modems, scanners, etc. are used as input units these days. On the other hand, monitors, printers, speakers, imagesetters etc. are used for output.
So far the internal and external components or hardware of the computer have been discussed. Now I'm looking at the ways in which computers are controlled, operated and everything you do with them is done.
What is software in computer
You must have heard of the software. Software in Bengali is called liquid-device. It is easily conceivable that a computer cannot function without this software. Software is a coded (some code that makes sense for each part of the computer), logic or instructions.
You are always using these software or programs. The moment you turn on a computer, the software starts working.
Computers are run by two types of software, operating system and application-based programs.
What is operating system?
There are many types of operating systems, but these days two types of systems are widely used, and these are Microsoft's Windows 95/97/98/2000 for PCs and Mac operating systems for Apple Macintosh. If you have a PC, you must purchase such a program that runs on a Windows system.
And if it's a Macintosh computer, Mac operating system software should be brought. However, these days the same program is available for both systems, meaning that those who are creating software are doing so for both systems. Which system you use is up to you, but generally the Make system is considered the easiest.
Computer software or liquid parts
To store any program, the program is stored in cache, or read-only, memory. The hard disk inside your computer is the junk memory. More examples of jugg memory are rishadhar urangpa, u jaras etc.
5 types of computer programs
Any computer program is written by a programmer to solve a specific task. There are many types of programming languages, which are similar to English and easy to understand.
After writing a program in any language, it has to be converted into computer language. That is, every command and instruction must be converted into two binary codes at 1 and 1. However, the programmer does not have to do this work himself, for this there is another special program called Compiler.
What are the types of programs?
There are two types of programming languages. These are machine code. Low level program is also called (Low Level Language) and high level program (High Level Language). Generally, programs are not written in binary code
Low-level and high-level programs are converted into binary code using a compiler. The programs or word processors that you regularly use on your computer – such as Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, Clarice Works, Photoshop, Illustrator, Quark Express, etc. – are programs that are first written in a high-level programming language (such as Pascal or C++) and compiled by a compiler. Changed to binary
So it becomes acceptable code for a computer. A program already mentioned contains thousands of lines of programming code. A programmer therefore has to write code very carefully, because the slightest mistake will render the entire program useless. This can introduce bugs (bad programs) into the program.
Programming is not so easy. Writing and publishing a program as complex as a word processor can therefore take anywhere from one to two years. The price of computer software is also increasing these days. Today, world famous big companies like Microsoft have been built only for the purpose of creating computer software.
Bill Gates, the founder and owner of Microsoft, is now the richest man in the world not by making computers, but by creating and publishing software. The software business has therefore turned into a multi-billion dollar business.
Explain what the internet?
Just a few years ago, a novel system called the Internet was introduced to exchange information (data) around the world easily and at low cost. It soon became a popular educational medium and information exchange medium.
Nowadays you can communicate from any part of the world to any other multiple places through internet. The internet has truly revolutionized information technology. I will cover this at the end of this section on computers. On the latest computer revolution, the Internet is a series of computers, which are connected as a network through telephones.
This network is capable of expanding globally over time. That is, it is possible to connect a computer to the Internet network wherever there is a telephone line. Even if you don't have a land line, you can access the internet from far away via mobile phone. So, what is this innovative technology - let's take a look
What type of network is the internet?
The Internet is a network of computers connected by telephone. This network is capable of spreading across the globe. That is, it is possible to connect a computer to the Internet network wherever there is a telephone line.
Even if you don't have a land-line, you can access the internet from far away via mobile phone. So, what is this innovative technology - let's take a look.
The moment you open the Internet through your own computer and telephone (modem), your computer becomes part of this network.
Any type of file can be transferred over the Internet. If you want to communicate with your friend anywhere in the world within a few seconds, you can use Internet e-mail (electronic mail) services. Your letter will first be stored on a supercomputer or server. Whenever your friend opens the internet, the text will reach your friend's computer from the server.
The Internet is a world-wide computer network
In fact, the Internet is controlled by these supercomputer servers. Many such servers are installed in different parts of the world. You can connect to the Internet only through this guest or hot computer.
Connecting to the Internet requires some special equipment. First of all, you must have a computer. It also needs a modem to connect to the computer. Today, these modem computers are essentially supercomputer servers that control the Internet.
Many such servers are installed in different parts of the world. You can connect to the Internet only through this guest or hot computer.
Connecting to the Internet requires some special equipment
First of all, you must have a computer. It also needs a modem to connect to the computer. Nowadays these modems come with computers. Then any service provider or internet connection organization is required to connect to the internet.
Nowadays there are these service providers in different cities of Bangladesh including Dhaka, Sylhet, Chittagong. These institutions charge a fixed monthly or yearly fee. Generally, as long as you have Internet access, telephone costs will be charged at the local rate, but not that much. This is because the telephone will charge at the nominal rate no matter where you connect to anywhere in the world. speed
Internet service has become quite cheap these days. London In some cases in America and Europe, the Internet has become almost free. These service providers get their income mainly from advertisements. They also get a dividend from the telephone company. The Internet has truly brought information technology within the reach of the masses.
Disadvantages of Internet
Although the Internet has brought us many benefits - it has also emerged as a great threat to the moral and mental development of the new generation.
Obscenity spreads easily in this unregulated modern media - easily accessible to any user. So we have to think deeply about this negative aspect of the internet and proceed with strategy.
I have published some personal comments in this regard at the end of the first volume. So nothing more to say here. I expressed these words for the information of the internet users.
Telecommunication technology
The meaning of the word telecommunication in English is wide. The word is formed by combining the Greek word tele- with the word communication. Tele means distant place or just far away. And communication means communication.
So "telecommunication" is a combination of Greek and Bengali words which basically means sending news or message to a distant place. In the modern era, therefore, radio, television, telegraph, telephone, e-mail, fax, satellite communication, radar etc. are all included in telecommunication.
In a word, telecommunication is any technology that is used to transmit information at high speed and capable of sending it over long distances.
What is telecommunication technology?
At the core of telecommunication technology, the first thing that works is to convert information into energy or energy by mechanical means.
Information is usually converted into three energies. These are: electric energy, electromagnetic energy and light energy. This energy is created first in the place where the message is to be sent.
Then this energy is converted into words, written files or images through a receiver or data collection device, so that the recipient can easily understand it. In other forms of communication, the message must first be recorded in some special way—eg, print, handwriting, pictures, discs, audio-video, etc.
But energy is used as a medium in telecommunication. There are great advantages in using energy as a medium.
First, we can use the fundamental forces of nature to transmit energy, such as electromagnetism.
Second, the energy will be transmitted very quickly, practically at a speed equal to the speed of light. Thirdly, it is simple and clean method. In addition, through clean energy we can transmit multiple information simultaneously, such as words, images and graphics.
Basic telecommunication equipment
Four basic bhashanas are performed. These are: 1. Transmitter, 2. Signal (wave), 3. Medium (Medium) and 4. Receiver.
The transmitter first converts a message into an energy or wave. This energy is transmitted to the receiver by a medium such as radio-audio or metal wires. The receiver converts this energy back into the original message. Attrition is the loss of some energy or information from the receiver to the transmitter. In addition, the message from the sender can return to the receiver again, this is called feedback.
This is the basic method of telecommunicationN ow we will discuss these systems one by one.
What is an analog signal or wave?
Waves can be electrical or electromagnetic. In 1837, the first telegraph service was launched. British Railways communicates with these electrical signals. Telegraph signals were transmitted in an electrical circuit by means of special on-off switches.
Then Samuel F. A man named Morse invented the dot-dash [dots and lines] system. This coding was originally used for written letters and numbers. This is called Morse code. Analog signal received before the invention of the telephone in 1876-77 by Graham Bell of Alexandra
Telephone is basically an analog telecommunication system. Calling it analog means that through the telephone, the sound waves created from your and my words are turned into electrical waves.
That is, the sound waves of human speech and electrical waves are analogous to each other. Analog system is scientifically called modulation. There is another method different from the analog method called digital coding. Digital means using numbers. Each wave is coded by turning it into a zero (0) or a one (1).
Explain its medium and wireless medium
By coordinating, the signal is of high quality and free from contamination. You must have heard of digital television or telephone. We will discuss digital signals a little later.
So far we have discussed directly connected electrical circuits for signal transmission. That is, the method of transmitting the signal through a wire made of metal. But signals are transmitted without wires made of copper or any other type of metal.
This method is called radio signal. But it is essentially an electromagnetic wave. This energy or wave is one of the four forces of nature. Analog systems were initially introduced using this wave. In the early 20th century, voice and sound waves were converted into electromagnetic signals and sent. This wave is called carrier wave or medium wave.
Television signals were also transmitted in the same way in early times. However, through very complex technology, films were converted into medium waves (carrier waves) and broadcasted on 316 / 542 screens.
Digital signal
Since the widespread use of computers in the late 20th century, people have turned to digital signals. As I said earlier, this signal is basically number coding.
In analog systems, a wave is converted into a wave pattern and converted into a medium wave. That is, the system used to convert words or speech into an electromagnetic wave and send it as a carrier wave. This system still exists, however, digital signals are becoming more and more fashionable.
Since digital signals are coded by zeros or ones, they are relatively free from noise. There are also more benefits.